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General and Inorganic Chemistry=Загальна та неорганічна хімія

375 грн

Автор: В.О. Калібабчук, В.В. Огурцов, В.І. Галинська та ін.
Издательство: Медицина
Год издания: 2019
Страниц: 456
Склад: Под заказ

The textbook briefly reviews the basic concepts and laws of chemistry, the structure of substances, their properties, the energy and kinetics of chemical reactions. On the basis of this material, the properties of solutions and regularities of the processes occurring in them are presented. The textbook describes the properties of chemical elements, their simple and complex substances, the biological role and application in medicine.
The textbook is intended for students of higher pharmaceutical education establishments and pharmaceutical faculties of higher medical education establishments.

Preface............................................................................................................................. 8

Part One. GENERAL CHEMISTRY................................................................................. 10

Chapter 1. Fundamentals of atomic and molecular theory. Basic laws of chemistry...10

1.1. Basic concepts and quantities of atomic and molecular theory.................................. 10

1.2. Basic laws of chemistry.............................................................................................. 16

1.3. Calculations based on chemical equations................................................................ 24

1.4. Ionic reaction equations............................................................................................. 26

Chapter 2. Structure of atoms...................................................................................... 29

2.1. From the history of the modern theory of atomic structure........................................ 29

2.2. The wave motion of the electron................................................................................ 31

2.3. Quantum numbers...................................................................................................... 33

2.4. Electron configurations (electronic structural formulas) of atoms............................... 37

2.5. The Periodic law and the Periodic table of chemical elements in the light 
of the quantum mechanical model of the atom.................................................................. 43

Chapter 3. Chemical bonding. Molecular structure.................................................. 46

3.1. Modern theory of chemical bonding and its basic concepts....................................... 46

3.2. Valence bond theory.................................................................................................. 47

3.3. Molecular orbital theory............................................................................................. 63

3.4. Intermolecular interactions. Hydrogen bond.............................................................. 71

Chapter 4. Coordination compounds.......................................................................... 75

4.1. Basic concepts of coordination chemistry. General principles of the structure 
of coordination compounds..............................................................................75

4.2. Classification of coordination compounds................................................ 81

4.3. Isomerism of coordination compounds..................................................... 85

4.4. Nomenclature of coordination compounds............................................... 89

4.5. Chemical bonding in complexes............................................................... 90

4.5.1. Valence bond theory............................................................................. 90

4.5.2. Crystal field theory................................................................................ 93

Chapter 5. Oxidation–reduction reactions............................................... 97

5.1. Characteristics of redox reactions........................................................... 97

5.2. Basic concepts of oxidation and reduction............................................... 98

5.3. Typical oxidants and reductants............................................................. 100

5.4. Basic rules for writing equations for redox reactions.............................. 101

5.5. Classification of redox reactions............................................................. 116

5.6. Determination of chemical equivalents of oxidising and reducing agents....119

Chapter 6. Classes of inorganic compounds............................................. 126

6.1. Oxides........................................................................................................ 128

6.1.1. Ways of oxide preparation....................................................................... 131

6.1.2. Chemical properties of oxides.................................................................. 132

6.1.2.1. Basic oxides.......................................................................................... 132

6.1.2.2. Acidic oxides......................................................................................... 135

6.1.2.3. Amphoteric oxides................................................................................. 138

6.2. Oxide hydrates............................................................................................ 140

6.2.1. Bases....................................................................................................... 140

6.2.1.1. Ways of hydroxide preparation.............................................................. 141

6.2.1.2. Chemical properties of hydroxides......................................................... 141

6.2.2. Acids........................................................................................................ 143

6.2.2.1. Ways of acid preparation....................................................................... 146

6.2.2.2. Chemical properties of acids................................................................. 147

6.2.3. Amphoteric hydroxides............................................................................. 151

6.2.3.1. Ways of amphoteric hydroxide preparation........................................... 151

6.2.3.2. Chemical properties of amphoteric hydroxides...................................... 152

6.3. Salts............................................................................................................ 153

6.3.1. Neutral salts............................................................................................. 154

6.3.1.1. Ways of neutral salt preparation............................................................ 154

6.3.1.2. Chemical properties of neutral salts....................................................... 156

6.3.2 .Acidic salts................................................................................................ 158

6.3.2.1. Ways of acidic salt preparation.............................................................. 158

6.3.2.2. Chemical properties of acidic salts.......................................................... 159

6.3.3. Basic salts................................................................................................... 161

6.3.3.1. Ways of basic salt preparation.................................................................. 161

6.3.3.2. Chemical properties of basic salts............................................................. 161

6.4. Relationship of the main classes of inorganic compounds.............................. 163

6.5. Biological role and medical use of some classes of inorganic compounds...... 165

Chapter 7. Chemical thermodynamics.............................................................. 167

7.1. Basic concepts of thermodynamics................................................................. 167

7.2. Thermodynamic systems. Thermodynamic functions...................................... 167

7.3. The first law of thermodynamics...................................................................... 169

7.4. Heat of chemical reactions............................................................................... 171

7.5. Thermochemistry laws..................................................................................... 172

7.6. Application of thermochemical calculations for the description of biochemical process energy...175

7.7. The second law of thermodynamics..............................................................177

7.8. Gibbs equation..............................................................................................179

Chapter 8. Chemical kinetics. Chemical equilibrium................................... 183

8.1. Rate of chemical reactions........................................................................... 183

8.2. Dependence of reaction rate on reactant concentrations............................ 183

8.3. Molecularity of chemical reactions................................................................ 185

8.4. Classification of complex reactions............................................................... 186

8.5. Effect of temperature on reaction rate.......................................................... 188

8.6. Catalysis....................................................................................................... 189

8.7. Chemical equilibrium. Reversible and irreversible reactions......................... 190

8.8. Le Chatelier’s principle................................................................................. 192

Chapter 9. Solutions and their properties..................................................... 196

9.1. Introduction to solutions................................................................................ 196

9.2. Solution concentration.................................................................................. 197

9.3. Enthalpy of solution....................................................................................... 200

9.4. Factors affecting solubility............................................................................. 201

9.4.1. Nature of solute and solvent....................................................................... 201

9.4.2. Temperature and pressure......................................................................... 201

9.4.3. Distribution of solute between two immiscible solvents............................... 202

9.5. Solutions of electrolytes................................................................................. 203

9.5.1. The main concepts of the electrolytic dissociation theory........................... 203

9.6. Theories of acids and bases......................................................................... 205

9.7. Self-ionisation of water. Hydrolysis of salts.................................................... 207

9.8. Buffer solutions............................................................................................. 211

9.9. Stability of complex compounds.................................................................... 216

9.10. Solubility product......................................................................................... 217

9.11. Colligative properties of dilute solutions containing nonvolatile solute........ 218

9.12. Electrode potentials.................................................................................... 222

Part two. CHEMISTRY OF THE ELEMENTS....................................................... 229

Chapter 10. Hydrogen, water and hydrogen peroxide................................. 230

10.1. Hydrogen.................................................................................................... 230

10.1.1. Physical properties and occurrence of hydrogen...................................... 230

10.1.2. Methods for preparation of hydrogen........................................................ 231

10.1.3. Reactions of hydrogen.............................................................................. 232

10.1.4. Uses of hydrogen...................................................................................... 233

10.2. Water............................................................................................................ 234

10.2.1. Physical properties and occurrence of water............................................. 234

10.2.2. Chemical properties of water..................................................................... 235

10.2.3. Water purification....................................................................................... 236

10.3. Hydrogen peroxide........................................................................................ 237

10.3.1. Chemical properties of hydrogen peroxide................................................ 238

10.3.2. Uses of hydrogen peroxide........................................................................ 239

Chapter 11. Metals.............................................................................................. 240

11.1. Physical properties of metals......................................................................... 241

11.2. Chemical properties of metals....................................................................... 241

11.3. Electron structure of metals........................................................................... 241

Chapter 12. Group IA. Alkali metals................................................................... 243

12.1. Physical properties and occurrence of alkali metals...................................... 244

12.2. Preparation of group IA elements................................................................... 245

12.3. Chemical properties of alkali metals............................................................... 245

12.4. Oxides and hydroxides of alkali metals........................................................... 246

12.5. Uses of alkali metals....................................................................................... 246

Chapter 13. Group IIA. Beryllium, magnesium and alkaline earth metals.... 249

13.1. Physical properties and occurrence of group IIA metals................................ 250

13.2. Preparation of group IIA elements................................................................. 251

13.3. Chemical properties of beryllium and its compounds..................................... 252

13.4. Chemical properties of magnesium and its compounds................................. 254

13.5. Chemical properties of alkaline earth metals................................................. 254

13.6. Oxides and hydroxides of alkaline earth metals............................................. 255

13.7. Uses of beryllium, magnesium and alkaline earth metals............................... 256

Chapter 14. Group VIB. Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten........................... 259

14.1. Physical properties and occurrence of group VIB elements........................... 260

14.2. Preparation of group VIB elements................................................................. 261

14.3. Chemical properties of chromium.................................................................... 261

14.4. Uses of chromium, molybdenium, tungsten..................................................... 264

Chapter 15. Group VIIB. Manganese, technetium, rhenium............................ 267

15.1. Physical properties and occurrence of group VIIB elements........................... 267

15.2. Preparation of manganese............................................................................. 268

15.3. Chemical properties of manganese................................................................. 269

15.4. Uses of manganese, technetium, rhenium....................................................... 271

Chapter 16. Group VIIIB. Iron, cobalt, nickel and platinum metals................... 274

16.1. Physical properties and occurrence of group VIIIB elements............................ 275

16.2. Platinum metals................................................................................................ 276

16.3. Preparation of group VIIIB elements................................................................. 277

16.4. Chemical properties of iron.............................................................................. 278

16.5. Chemical properties of cobalt and nickel.......................................................... 281

16.6. Chemical properties of platinum metals............................................................ 282

16.7. Uses of group VIIIB elements............................................................................ 283

Chapter 17. Group IB. Copper, silver and gold.................................................. 288

17.1. Physical properties and occurrence of group IB elements................................ 288

17.2. Preparation of group IB elements..................................................................... 289

17.3. Chemical properties of copper.......................................................................... 290

17.4. Chemical properties of silver............................................................................. 292

17.5. Chemical properties of gold.............................................................................. 293

17.6. Uses of copper, silver and gold......................................................................... 294

Chapter 18. Group IIB. Zinc, cadmium and mercury........................................... 297

18.1. Physical properties and occurrence of group IIB elements............................... 297

18.2. Preparation of zinc............................................................................................ 298

18.3. Chemical properties of zinc.............................................................................. 299

18.4. Chemical properties of mercury........................................................................ 300

18.5. Uses of zinc, cadmium and mercury.................................................................. 302

Chapter 19. Group IIIA. Boron, aluminium, gallium, indium and thallium......... 305

19.1. Physical properties and occurrence of group IIIA elements.............................. 305

19.2. Preparation of group IIIA elements.................................................................... 307

19.3. Chemical properties of boron and its compounds.............................................. 309

19.4. Chemical properties of aluminium and its compounds....................................... 315

19.5. Uses of aluminium and boron............................................................................. 318

Chapter 20. Group IVA. Carbon, silicon, germanium, tin and lead..................... 321

20.1. Physical properties and occurrence of group IVA elements............................... 322

20.2. Carbon and its compounds................................................................................ 324

20.2.1. Physical properties of carbon......................................................................... 324

20.2.2. Chemical properties of carbon and its compounds......................................... 326

20.3. Silicon and its compounds................................................................................. 331

20.3.1. Preparation of silicon...................................................................................... 332

20.3.2. Chemical properties of silicon and its compounds.......................................... 332

20.4. Compounds of tin.............................................................................................. 337

20.5. Compounds of lead........................................................................................... 340

20.6. Uses of carbon, silicon, tin and lead.................................................................. 343

Chapter 21. Group VA. Nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.345

21.1. Physical properties and occurrence of group VA elements.............................. 346

21.2. Nitrogen and its compounds............................................................................. 348

21.2.1. Preparation of nitrogen.................................................................................. 348

21.2.2. Chemical properties of nitrogen and its compounds...................................... 349

21.3. Phosphorus and its compounds........................................................................ 367

21.3.1. Preparation of phosphorus............................................................................ 369

21.3.2. Chemical properties of phosphorus and its compounds................................. 370

21.4. Arsenic, antimony and bismuth.......................................................................... 382

21.4.1. Preparation of elements................................................................................. 382

21.4.2. Chemical properties of elements and their compounds.................................. 383

21.5. Uses of group VA elements................................................................................ 388

Chapter 22. Group VIA. Oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium and polonium..... 392

22.1. Physical properties and occurrence of group VIA elements............................... 393

22.2. Oxygen and its compounds................................................................................ 395

22.2.1. Preparation of oxygen.................................................................................... 395

22.2.2. Chemical properties of oxygen and its compounds.......................................... 396

22.3. Sulfur.................................................................................................................. 401

22.3.1. Preparation of sulfur........................................................................................ 403

22.3.2. Chemical properties of sulfur and its compounds............................................ 403

22.4. Selenium and tellurium........................................................................................ 418

22.4.1. Chemical properties of elements and their compounds.................................... 418

22.5. Uses of group VIA elements................................................................................. 420

Chapter 23. Group VIIA. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine......... 423

23.1. Physical properties and occurrence of group VIIA elements................................ 424

23.2. Preparation of halogens....................................................................................... 425

23.3. Chemical properties of halogens and their compounds........................................ 427

23.4. Uses of group VIIA elements................................................................................. 452

Literature....................................................................................................................... 455

ISBN: 978-617-505-657-8
Язык издания: EN
Обложка: Тверда
Размер: 140 х 250мм
Вес: 700г

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