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Фізіологія рослин (Crop Physiology: Applications for Genetic Improvement and Agronomy)

5280 грн

Автор: Daniel Calderini
Издательство: Elsevier
Год издания: 2014
Страниц: 564
Склад: Доставка из Англии 15-30 дней

From climate change to farming systems to genetic modification of organisms, Crop Physiology, Second Edition provides a practical tool for understanding the relationships and challenges of successful cropping. With a focus on genetic improvement and agronomy, this book addresses the challenges of environmentally sound production of bulk and quality food, fodder, fiber, and energy which are of ongoing international concern. The second edition of Crop Physiology continues to provide a unique analysis of these topics while reflecting important changes and advances in the relevant science and implementation systems. Contemporary agriculture confronts the challenge of increasing demand in terms of quantitative and qualitative production targets. These targets have to be achieved against the background of soil and water scarcity, worldwide and regional shifts in the patterns of land use driven by both climate change and the need to develop crop-based sources of energy, and the environmental and social aspects of agricultural sustainability.

List of contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Crop physiology: applications for breeding and agronomy
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Levels of organization and scalability
3. Book structure and themes
Part I: Farming systems
Chapter 2: High-yield maize–soybean cropping systems in the US Corn Belt
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Cropping systems
3. Productivity and resource-use efficiency
4. Challenges to higher yields and efficiencies
5. Concluding remarks
Chapter 3: Farming systems in China: Innovations for sustainable crop production
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. The abiotic environments for crop production
3. Farming system diversity and spatial distribution
4. Yield enhancement via genetic improvement and agronomic innovation
5. Attempts to improve resource-use efficiency
6. Cropping responses and adaptations to warming
7. Concluding remarks
Chapter 4: Improving farming systems in northern Europe
Abstract
1. Special features of northern European conditions for crop production
2. Adaptation: a matter of crop responses when coping with northern conditions
3. Gaps between potential and actual yields
4. Challenges and practices in attempting to improve sustainability
5. The future and climate change
6. Concluding remarks
Chapter 5: Raising productivity of maize-based cropping systems in eastern and southern Africa: Step-wise intensification options
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Maize-based farming systems in eastern and southern Africa
3. Sustainable intensification of sub-Saharan agriculture
4. Methods
5. Results
6. Discussion and conclusions
Acknowledgements
Chapter 6: Cropping systems in environments with high yield potential of southern Chile
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Environmental and agricultural features of southern Chile
3. Cereal-based cropping systems at high yield potential conditions
4. The potato-based cropping systems; between subsistence agriculture and high input production
5. Rapeseed and lupin in current farming systems
6. Challenges and opportunities for cropping systems of southern Chile
7. Concluding remarks
Chapter 7: Cereal yield in Mediterranean-type environments: challenging the paradigms on terminal drought, the adaptability of barley vs wheat and the role of nitrogen fertilization
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Terminal drought?
3. Does barley out-yield wheat under severe water deficit?
4. Does nitrogen fertilization reduce yield in low-rainfall conditions?
5. Concluding remarks
Part II: Carbon, water and nutrient economies of crops
Chapter 8: Quantifying crop responses to nitrogen and avenues to improve nitrogen-use efficiency
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Crop N demand: its regulation at plant and crop levels
3. Response of plants and crops to N deficiency
4. Nitrogen-use efficiency
5. Conclusions
Chapter 9: A Darwinian perspective on improving nitrogen-fixation efficiency of legume crops and forages
Abstract
1. Nitrogen fixation’s role in agriculture
2. A Darwinian perspective on improving N2 fixation
3. Rationale for focus on efficiency of N2 fixation rather than rate
4. Conclusion
Chapter 10: Senescence and crop performance
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Senescence and development
3. Senescence and crop adaptability
4. Senescence and crop production
5. Conclusion: Senescence and its implications for crop improvement
Chapter 11: Improving water transport for carbon gain in crops
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Water transport and carbon gain
3. Determinants of water transport
4. Maintenance and regulation of water transport
5. Concluding remarks
Part III: Genetic improvement and agronomy
Chapter 12: Genetic and environmental effects on crop development determining adaptation and yield
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Crop development
3. Developmental responses to environmental factors
4. Genetic control of development
5. Can we improve crop adaptation and yield potential through fine-tuning developmental rates?
6. Concluding remarks
Chapter 13: Characterizing the crop environment – nature, significance and applications
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Characterization of the target population of environments (TPE) – a better understanding of the nature, distribution and frequency of the main environment classes
3. Trial characterization – adding value to field data through improved understanding of the genotypic variability
4. Managed environments – increasing the relevance of phenotyping environments
5. Crop plasticity and environment types – identification of key traits for potential adaptation
6. Concluding remarks – perspective
Acknowledgment
Chapter 14: Model-assisted phenotyping and ideotype design
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. The ideotype concept: its usefulness and limitations for breeding and varietal choice
3. How to deal with genetic control in ecophysiological models?
4. Tools for optimizing trait combinations and model-based ideotyping
5. Future prospects
Chapter 15: Crop phenotyping for physiological breeding in grain crops: A case study for maize
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Trait dissection of the general physiological model of grain yield determination in maize crops
3. Gains in maize yield
4. Breeding effects on the physiological determinants of maize yield
5. Field-based phenotyping of physiological traits
6. Genetic structure of maize physiological traits
7. Conclusions
Chapter 16: Breeding challenge: improving yield potential
Abstract
1. Rationale for raising yield potential
2. Relationship between yield potential and yield under abiotic stress
3. Current rates of progress in yield potential and associated traits
4. Opportunities for future gains in yield potential
5. Trait-based breeding
6. Concluding remarks
Chapter 17: Improving grain quality: ecophysiological and modeling tools to develop management and breeding strategies
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Environmental and genetic effects on grain composition
3. Integration of quality traits into crop simulation models
4. Applying crop physiology to obtain a specific quality and high yields
5. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
Chapter 18: Integrated views in plant breeding: from the perspective of biotechnology
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Modern views in plant breeding
3. Pre-breeding: a link between genetic resources and crop improvement
4. DNA technologies boost new knowledge to understand plant diversity
5. Allele mining: explore plant diversity by sequencing
6. GM breeding
7. Beyond GM plants: the new breeding techniques
8. Genomic selection
9. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
Chapter 19: Integration of biotechnology, plant breeding and crop physiology. Dealing with complex interactions from a physiological perspective
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Contributions of crop physiology to plant breeding and biotechnology
3. Contributions of biotechnology to plant breeding and crop physiology
4. Conclusions
Chapter 20: Crop modeling for climate change impact and adaptation
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Climate change
3. Crop response to climate change
4. Crop models for climate change
5. Impacts of climate change on crop production
6. Adaptation to climate change
7. Concluding remarks and knowledge gaps
Index

ISBN: 978-0123744319
Язык издания: EN
Обложка: Тверда
Размер: 200 х 230 мм
Вес: 1,500г

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